Filters (Low, High, Band, Notch)

1. Conceptual Intuition (L1)

• The "Bouncer" analogy: letting some frequencies pass, blocking others.
• Passband, Stopband, Transition band.
• Types: Low Pass (LPF), High Pass (HPF), Band Pass (BPF), Band Stop (BSF).

2. Engineering Math (L2)

• Filter Topologies (Calculated via tables or software):
  • Butterworth (Flat).
  • Chebyshev (Steep but ripply).
  • Elliptic (Steepest but ripples everywhere).
• LC Ladder synthesis basics (g-values).

3. System Application (L3)

• The Triangle of Trade-offs: Steepness vs Ripple vs Group Delay.
• Insertion Loss contributions (Q of inductors).
• Phase linearity and dispersion.

Interactive Component: Filter Designer

• Description: Design and compare filter responses.
• Controls: Filter Type, Order (N), Ripple (dB), Cutoff Freq.