Digital Modulation (ASK/PSK/QAM)

1. Conceptual Intuition (L1)

• Sending bits as symbols.
• BPSK (Phase flip), QPSK (4 phases), QAM (Grid of points).
• The Constellation Diagram: A map of target landing spots.

2. Engineering Math (L2)

• Information Density (Bits/Hz).
• Euclidean Distance and Noise immunity.
• EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) definition.

3. System Application (L3)

• Root Raised Cosine (RRC) pulse shaping filter.
• Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI).
• Gray Coding to minimize bit errors.

Interactive Component: Constellation Viewer

• Description: See noise and phase error distort the dots.
• Controls: QAM Order, SNR, Phase Noise.