VNA (Vector Network Analyzer)

1. Conceptual Intuition (L1)

• Measuring the Network, not just the signal.
• Stimulus-Response system (Radar for circuits).
• S-Parameters (Scattering Parameters).

2. Engineering Math (L2)

• S11 (Reflection in), S21 (Transmission thru).
• SOLT Calibration (Short, Open, Load, Thru) - Why we need it.
• Moving the reference plane.

3. System Application (L3)

• Time Domain Gating (removing the fixture).
• De-embedding fixtures.
• Mixed-mode S-parameters (Differential).

Interactive Component: S-Parameter Matrix Explorer

• Description: Visualize the 4 quadrants S11/12/21/22.
• Controls: DUT selection (Filter vs Amp).