Fundamental Antenna Parameters

1. Conceptual Intuition (L1)

• Antennas don't create power, they focus it (The Balloon analogy).
• Gain vs Directivity vs Efficiency.
• Reciprocity: Transmit and Receive patterns are identical.

2. Engineering Math (L2)

• dBi definition.
• Effective Aperture ($A_e = \frac{\lambda^2}{4\pi} G$).
• Friis Transmission Equation ($P_r = P_t G_t G_r (\frac{\lambda}{4\pi R})^2$).

3. System Application (L3)

• Polarization Mismatch Loss Factor (PLF).
• Near Field vs Far Field (Fraunhofer Distance).
• Axial Ratio (Circular Polarization purity).

Interactive Component: 3D Radiation Pattern Viewer

• Description: Visualize the 3D donut/beam.
• Controls: Elevation/Azimuth cuts, Lin/Log scale.