Oscillators & Synthesizers (PLL/VCO)

1. Conceptual Intuition (L1)

• The "Heartbeat" of the system.
• VCO: Voltage Controlled Oscillator (The raw source).
• PLL: Phase Locked Loop ( The control system that makes it precise).

2. Engineering Math (L2)

• Phase Noise ($\mathcal{L}(f)$): The "fuzziness" of the tone.
• Loop Bandwidth: Fast lock vs Clean spectral shape.
• Integer-N vs Fractional-N synthesis.

3. System Application (L3)

• Impact of Phase Noise on EVM (Constellation rotation).
• Reciprocal Mixing in receivers.
• Power Supply sequencing and noise sensitivity.

Interactive Component: PLL Transient Simulator

• Description: Visualize the locking process.
• Controls: Loop Bandwidth, Damping Factor, Step Size.